{"id":82745,"date":"2026-10-05T12:09:13","date_gmt":"2026-10-05T18:09:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/noticiasveracruz.com\/?p=82745"},"modified":"2026-10-05T12:09:13","modified_gmt":"2026-10-05T18:09:13","slug":"nobel-de-medicina-2026-reconoce-a-tres-cientificos-que-aprendieron-a-controlar-neuronas-con-luz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/noticiasveracruz.com\/index.php\/2026\/10\/05\/nobel-de-medicina-2026-reconoce-a-tres-cientificos-que-aprendieron-a-controlar-neuronas-con-luz\/","title":{"rendered":"Nobel de Medicina 2026 reconoce a tres cient\u00edficos que aprendieron a controlar neuronas con luz"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">El cerebro humano volvi\u00f3 a colocarse en el centro de la investigaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica. El Premio Nobel de Fisiolog\u00eda o Medicina 2026 fue otorgado este lunes a Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann y Georg Nagel por los descubrimientos que dieron origen a la optogen\u00e9tica, una t\u00e9cnica que permite controlar la actividad de neuronas mediante la luz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">La Asamblea Nobel del Instituto Karolinska reconoci\u00f3 a los tres investigadores por sus trabajos sobre los canales i\u00f3nicos activados por la luz y el desarrollo de esta herramienta que transform\u00f3 la manera en que los cient\u00edficos estudian el cerebro.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">La aportaci\u00f3n resulta especialmente relevante porque la optogen\u00e9tica permite activar o inhibir c\u00e9lulas nerviosas espec\u00edficas dentro de un cerebro vivo. Esto ha abierto nuevas posibilidades para estudiar c\u00f3mo se generan los recuerdos, las emociones y determinadas conductas.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">De un alga a una revoluci\u00f3n en la neurociencia<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">El origen de este avance se encuentra en una investigaci\u00f3n que comenz\u00f3 con una pregunta aparentemente sencilla: \u00bfc\u00f3mo consigue un organismo microsc\u00f3pico detectar la luz y desplazarse hacia ella?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Peter Hegemann estudi\u00f3 a la alga unicelular Chlamydomonas y, junto con Georg Nagel, identific\u00f3 prote\u00ednas capaces de responder a la luz. Entre ellas se encontraba la canalrodopsina, una prote\u00edna que funciona como un canal i\u00f3nico activado por la luz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">El hallazgo adquiri\u00f3 una nueva dimensi\u00f3n cuando Karl Deisseroth y sus colaboradores utilizaron esa propiedad para desarrollar una herramienta capaz de controlar neuronas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Al introducir el gen de la canalrodopsina en c\u00e9lulas nerviosas, los investigadores lograron hacer que estas respondieran a est\u00edmulos luminosos. En 2005 demostraron que pod\u00edan provocar actividad neuronal mediante luz y, posteriormente, llevaron el procedimiento a cerebros de animales vivos.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Una nueva forma de estudiar el cerebro<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">La optogen\u00e9tica permiti\u00f3 a los cient\u00edficos pasar de observar la actividad cerebral a intervenir de manera mucho m\u00e1s precisa sobre determinados circuitos neuronales.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Con esta herramienta se pueden estudiar las conexiones relacionadas con procesos como el movimiento, la memoria, las emociones y diferentes comportamientos, as\u00ed como investigar qu\u00e9 ocurre en determinadas enfermedades neurol\u00f3gicas y psiqui\u00e1tricas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">La t\u00e9cnica ya se utiliza en investigaciones sobre padecimientos como epilepsia, Alzheimer, Parkinson, adicciones y otros trastornos que afectan el funcionamiento del cerebro.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Tambi\u00e9n buscan recuperar la visi\u00f3n<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">El impacto de estos descubrimientos no se limita a los laboratorios. Investigadores trabajan actualmente en aplicaciones m\u00e9dicas de la optogen\u00e9tica, entre ellas tratamientos experimentales destinados a recuperar parcialmente la visi\u00f3n en personas con determinados tipos de discapacidad visual.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">La t\u00e9cnica todav\u00eda enfrenta importantes desaf\u00edos antes de convertirse en un tratamiento ampliamente disponible, pero los avances obtenidos han abierto una v\u00eda completamente nueva para intervenir sobre c\u00e9lulas espec\u00edficas mediante est\u00edmulos luminosos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Deisseroth, Hegemann y Nagel compartir\u00e1n el premio de 12 millones de coronas suecas, equivalente a aproximadamente 1.2 millones de d\u00f3lares.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: tahoma, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Con este reconocimiento, el Nobel de Medicina destaca una investigaci\u00f3n que comenz\u00f3 con el estudio de organismos microsc\u00f3picos y termin\u00f3 proporcionando a la ciencia una herramienta para acercarse a uno de los mayores enigmas de la humanidad: comprender c\u00f3mo funciona el cerebro.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El cerebro humano volvi\u00f3 a colocarse en el centro de la investigaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica. El Premio Nobel de Fisiolog\u00eda o Medicina 2026 fue otorgado este lunes a Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann y Georg Nagel por los descubrimientos que dieron origen a la optogen\u00e9tica, una t\u00e9cnica que permite controlar la actividad de neuronas mediante la luz. La [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":82746,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[355],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-82745","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-internacional"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Nobel de Medicina 2026 reconoce a tres cient\u00edficos que aprendieron a controlar neuronas con luz - Noticias Veracruz<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/noticiasveracruz.com\/index.php\/2026\/10\/05\/nobel-de-medicina-2026-reconoce-a-tres-cientificos-que-aprendieron-a-controlar-neuronas-con-luz\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nobel de Medicina 2026 reconoce a tres cient\u00edficos que aprendieron a controlar neuronas con luz - Noticias Veracruz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"El cerebro humano volvi\u00f3 a colocarse en el centro de la investigaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica. 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